Introduction
Welcome to our first foray into the Junior Cert cycle. This comes as a follow on of the well-received Complete Guide to Leaving Cert Geography from the same author.
The full contents are listed below. Word count is approx 18,000 words over 73 pages with associated diagrams. One of the shorter chapters, on Climate Change is provided as a sample at the bottom of this page.
Questions are based on the new Junior Cycle course and are not guaranteed exam questions. This should be used as a study aid and does not contain the entire JC course. It is important to practise geographical skills such as reading and drawing graphs, O.S. Maps and Aerial Photographs.
15 euro
Contents
Physical Geography
The Earth & Plate Tectonics
Introduction to Chapter
Continental Drift
Plate Movement
Earthquakes
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Effects of an Earthquake
Long-Term Responses
Sample Question and Answer
Name a natural disaster that you have studied, state where it occurred and describe 3 long term or short term responses to this natural disaster.
Tsunamis
Pacific Ring of Fire
Volcanoes
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Positive Effects of Volcanoes
Negative Effects of Volcanoes
Sample Question and Answer
You are a journalist that has just arrived at the site of a recent volcanic eruption, write a report describing in detail the negative impacts of the volcanic eruption.
Explain why volcanoes are often located along constructive plate boundaries.
Fold Mountains
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Effects of Mountains
Rocks
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Explain how one rock group is formed, refer to examples in your answer.
What are rocks used for?
Mass Movement
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Describe a slow/fast type of mass movement.
Weathering and Erosion & Karst Regions
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Karst Region: The Burren, Co. Clare Sample Question and Answer
What is a karst landscape? Explain how surface features are formed here.
What is a karst landscape? Explain how underground features are formed here.
Rivers
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Explain how rivers transport their load.
Explain when and why rivers deposit their load.
Explain how one feature of erosion is formed.
Explain how one feature of deposition is formed.
Explain how people interact with and manage river processes.
Coasts
Key Words
Sample Question and Answer
Explain the formation of one feature of coastal erosion.
Explain the formation of one feature of coastal deposition.
More insight into chapter
Sea Transportation
Human Interaction with the Sea
Why is the sea important to us?
Humans can have many negative impacts on the sea
Coastal Defences
Glaciation
Key Words
Sample Question and Answer
Explain the formation of a feature of glacial erosion.
Explain the formation of a feature of glacial deposition.
Describe how glaciation and tourism are interrelated.
Soils
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Why is soil important to us?
What is soil made from?
Explain the factors that influence how soil is formed.
Choose one local soil type and describe it in detail.
Weather
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Describe how the weather forecast would be important to people in different jobs.
Choose one type of rainfall and describe how it forms.
Climate
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss Ireland’s climate type.
What factors influence Irelands Climate?
Describe how aspect and altitude influence the local climate in a region.
Climate Change and Global Warming (see sample chapter below)
Key Words
Sample Question and Answer
Explain the causes of Climate Change.
Describe the effects of Climate Change.
Discuss how Ireland is reacting to Climate Change.
Energy and Energy Resources
Key Words
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss how oil has impacted a country that you have studied.
Discuss how energy production may result in local conflict.
Human Geography
Primary Economic Activities
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Describe a mixed farm you have studied.
Explain the causes of over-fishing in Ireland.
Secondary Economic Activities
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss the factors that influence the location of factories.
Describe how industry can grow and decline referring to an example you have studied.
Why are MNC’s attracted to Ireland as a location?
Tertiary Economic Activities
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Imagine that you are working with Fáilte Ireland and you are writing a newspaper article to promote Ireland as a tourist destination for Summer.
Some tourism is seasonal, what does this mean and describe the consequences.
Population
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Demographic Transition Model
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss the factors that influence population growth.
Describe the difference between a population pyramid of a developing country and a developed country.
Explain the causes and effects of low population/high population densities.
Migration
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss in detail an example of organised migration that you have studied.
A refugee is someone that is forced from their country for different reasons. State an example you have studied and describe what this was like for the migrants.
Settlement
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Timeline of settlement in Ireland
The Function of Nucleated Settlements
Urban Functions on O.S. Maps
Sample Question and Answer
Describe and explain the factors that influence settlement in both rural and urban areas.
Discuss one multifunctional settlement you have studied.
Describe how communication links influence settlement.
Urbanisation
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Urban Functions
Commuting
Sample Question and Answer
Discuss the development of one Irish city that you have studied.
Explain how urban problems have developed in Dublin.
Suggest how the urban problems in Dublin could be solved.
Economic Inequality
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Explain in detail how your life in Ireland is different to someone in the developing world.
How does Ireland help countries in the Developing World?
Globalisation
Key Words
Introduction to Chapter
Sample Question and Answer
Explain how globalisation has hindered and helped the development in a less economically developed country or a newly industrialised country that you have studied.
Describe 3 aspects of Globalisation.
Sample Chapter: Climate Change and Global Warming
Key Words
Climate Change: A major change in climate patterns.
Global Warming: The gradual warming of the earth due to greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse Gases: Gases that contribute to the warming of the earth e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane.
Latitude: Invisible lines that surround the earth horizontally showing the distance north and south of the equator.
Ozone Layer: A layer of the earth’s atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
Stratosphere: A layer of the atmosphere.
Troposphere: A lower layer of the atmosphere.
UV Rays: Ultraviolet rays that come from the sun.
Greenhouse Effect: When the suns energy reaches the atmosphere some of it is reflected back but some is trapped by the blanket of greenhouse gases causing the earth to heat up.
Fossil Fuels: A fuel such as coal, gas and oil.
Sample Question and Answer
Explain the causes of Climate Change
Climate change and global warming can be said to be naturally occurring however human activity has a huge impact on this. The manufacturing and selling of goods in large factories use large quantities of raw materials and energy such as fossil fuels, therefore increasing the amount of greenhouse gases been released into the atmosphere. As well as this, a wealthier population has resulted in larger amounts of household waste and more animal and crop production on farms all increasing levels of carbon dioxide and methane. In larger rainforests such as Brazil deforestation greatly impacts global warming as the lack of trees means that less carbon dioxide will be absorbed.
Describe the effects of Climate Change
Because of climate change and global warming there may be water shortages in some parts of the world which will result in crop failure and famine. In Ireland the rising temperatures mean that the country will be drier especially in the south. This has actually improved crop production in places but water shortages in others. Sea levels have begun to rise as the polar ice caps melt, increasing the risk of flooding and endangering animal habitats. In Ireland low-lying coastal areas are at risk of flooding. A major impact is desertification which means that the desert is spreading and ruining some African countries.
Discuss how Ireland is reacting to Climate Change
In 2018 the Irish Government developed the National Adaption Framework to plan for climate change. However Ireland has been struggling to meet their targets for reducing carbon emissions and their dependence on oil, coal and peat for energy has been causing major problems. Now in many newly built houses they will use forms of renewable energy in an attempt to reduce the greenhouse emissions. People are now more conscious about energy conservation and education in schools will help people in this adaption.
Write a speech to the first year students in your school informing them of the positive or negative impacts of climate change. *Tip: You should write this as a speech by introducing yourself and signing off at the end. Aim it at your target audience (1st year students) and inform them of either the positive (good) or negative (bad) impacts of climate change. Make sure to include as much detail as possible and keep the information factual and use some statistics if you can. Do not include unnecessary information.
